A Computationally Study of the Mechanism of Palladium Insertion into Alkynyl and Aryl Carbon-Fluorine bonds

Markus Jakt, Linus Johannissen, Henry S. Rzepa^*, David A. Widdowson and René Wilhelm

Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AY.

Supplemental Data

Coordinates are available in PDB or XYZ format, and can be separately viewed using any program capable of reading these formats or within the browser windows using e.g. Chime (http://www.mdlchime.com/ )

Various stationary points on potential surface

Scheme 2

Structures for points on potential surface

Scheme 3

Table 1: Total Energies, Hartrees (energies relative to 1, kcal/mol) and first order stationary points [transition wavenumber, cm^-1] for insertion of Pd(PH₃)₂ into substituted haloalkynes.

R-CC-Hal		RHF/3-21G*		RHF/DZVP		RB3LYP/DZVP
R	Hal	Stationary point	E (DE )	Stationary point	E (DE )	Stationary point	E (DE )
H	F	1	-5771.4516 (0)	1	-5797.7672 (0)/-6032.0060^a	1	-5802.5714 (0) {6038.5230}^a
		2	-5771.3991 (32.9) [486.4]	2	-5797.6765 (56.9)/[541.0] {-6031.9293 (48.2)}^a	2	-5802.5271 (27.8) {-6038.4894 (21.1)}^a
		3	-5771.4790 (-17.2)	3	-5797.7611 (-3.8)	3	-5802.5834 (-7.5)
H	Cl	1	-6129.9664 (0)	1	-6157.7692 (0)	1	-6162.8895 (0)
		2	-6129.9337 (20.5) [382.5]	2	-6157.7099 (37.21) [465.3]	2	-6162.8671 (14.07) [195.8]
		3	-6130.0123 (-28.8)	3	-6157.7835 (-9.0)	3	-6162.9161 (-16.7)
H	Br	1	-8232.8362 (0)	1	-8270.2062 (0)	1	-8276.4155 (0)
		2	-8232.8255 (6.7) [260.2]	2	-8270.1619 (27.80) [346.3]	2	-8276.4038 (7.33) [109.4]
		3	-8232.8923 (-35.2)	3	-8270.2303 (-15.1)	3	-8276.4502 (-21.8)
H	I	1	-12560.4793 (0)	1	-12615.4775 (0)	1	-12622.5911 (0)
		2	-	2	-12615.4473 (19.0) [265.5]	2	-12622.5867 (2.75) [62.7]
		3	-12560.5280 (-30.6)	3	-12615.5030 (-16.0)	3	-12622.6270 (-22.5)
NO₂	F	1	-5973.7081 (0)	1	-6001.2184 (0)	1	-6007.0821 (0) [-6007.0796]^b
		4	-	4	-6001.2124 (3.77) [153.4]	4	-
		5	-5973.7470 (-24.4)	5	-6001.2318 (-8.4)	5	-6007.1271 (-28.2)
		6	-	6	-	6	[-6007.0772]^b
		7	-	7	-6001.1880 (19.1)	7	-6007.0759 (3.9) [-6007.0967 (-10.8)]^b
		8	-	8	-	8	[-6007.0895]^b
		2	-5973.6910 (10.7) [375.2]	2	-6001.1645 (33.82) [478.8]	2	-6007.0660 (10.10) [328.3]
		3	-5973.7551 (-29.5)	3	-6001.2284 (-6.3)	3	-6007.1082 (-16.4) [-6007.1277 (-30.2)]^b
CN	F	1	-5862.6693 (0)	1	-5889.4958 (0)	1	-5894.8206 (0)
		5	-5862.6910 (-13.6)	5	-5889.4980 (-1.38)	5	-5894.8543 (-21.2)
		2	-5862.6374 (20.02) [405.3]	2	-5889.4276 (42.80) [498.8]	2	-5894.7956 (15.69) [376.3]
		3	-5862.7091 (-25.0)	3	-5889.5028 (-4.4)	3	-5894.8442 (-14.8)
NH₂	F	1	-5826.1742 (0)	1	-5852.7885 (0)	1	-5857.9280
		2	-5826.1241 (31.4) [442.6]	2	-5852.7048 (52.5) (488.12cm^-1)	2	-5857.8866 (26.0) [286.2]

^a Results for R'=Me (PMe₃). ^b COSMO Solvation model with geometry optimisation, using LOOSE convergence criteria.

Table 2: Total Energies, Hartrees (energies relative to 1, kcal/mol) and transition states 2 [transition wavenumber, cm^-1] for insertion of Pd(PH₃)₂ into aryl fluorides

R-aryl-F	RB3LYP/DZVP
R		E/Hartree, gas phase.	E/Hartree, COSMO
H	1	-5957.5279 (0)	-5957.5331
	2	-5957.4622 (41.2) [360.7]	-5957.4691 (40.2)
Cr(CO)₃	1	-7341.9547 (0)	-7341.9592
	7	^a	optimises to 1 or 3^a
	2	-7341.8909 (40.0) [322.4]	-7341.8987 (37.8)
	3	-7341.9335 (13.4)	[-7341.9516 (4.7)]^a
2-NO₂	1	-6162.0548 (0)	-6162.0629
	7	^a	- [-6162.0267 (22.7)]^a
	2	-6162.0101 (28.1) [296.4]	-6162.0159 (29.4)
4-NO₂	1	-6162.0661 (0)	-6162.0738
	2	-6162.0096 (35.5) [336.2]	-6162.0178 (35.1)
2,4-NO₂	1	-6366.5868 (0)	-6366.5892
	7	^a	- [-6366.5747 (9.1)]^a
	2	-6366.5520 (21.8) [278.0]^a	-6366.5605 (18.0)
	3	[-6366.5785 (5.2)]^a	[-6366.5957 (-4.1)]^a
2-CN	1	-6049.7744 (0)	-6049.7801
	7	^a	optimises to 1 or 3^a
	2	-6049.7180 (35.5) [341.5]	-6049.7219 (36.5)
4-CN	1	-6049.7778 (0)	-6049.7861
	2	-6049.7188 (37.02) [343.9]	-6049.7258 (37.8)

^a Geometry optimised (to LOOSE tolerances) with COSMO model. Geometry not locatable with gas phase model

A Computationally Study of the Mechanism of Palladium Insertion into Alkynyl and Aryl Carbon-Fluorine bonds

Markus Jakt, Linus Johannissen, Henry S. Rzepa*, David A. Widdowson and René Wilhelm

Supplemental Data

Markus Jakt, Linus Johannissen, Henry S. Rzepa^*, David A. Widdowson and René Wilhelm